Serodiagnosis of sheeppox and goatpox using an indirect ELISA based on synthetic peptide targeting for the major antigen P32

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sheeppoxvirus (SPPV), goatpoxvirus (GTPV) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) of cattle belong to the <it>Capripoxvirus </it>genus of the <it>Poxviridae </it>family and can cause significant economic losses in countries where they are endemic. Despite the considerable threat that these viruses pose to livestock production and global trade in sheep, goats, cattle and their products, convenient and effective serodiagnostic tools are not readily available. Toward this goal, two synthetic peptides corresponding to the major antigen P32 were synthesized. These synthetic peptides were then used as antigen to develop an ELISA method to detect anti-SPPV and GTPV antibodies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The results indicated that the optimal concentration of coated recombinant antigen was 0.2 μg per well for a serum dilution of 1:10. The ELISA performed favorably when sera from sheep immunized experimentally were tested.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This assay offers the prospect of synthetic peptide as antigens for indirect ELISA to detect SPPV and GTPV antibody in sheep and goat sera.</p

Clinical characteristics and genetic analysis of a Chinese pedigree of type 2 diabetes complicated with interstitial lung disease

PurposeDiabetes mellitus is a systemic metabolic disorder which may target the lungs and lead to interstitial lung disease. The clinical characteristics and mechanisms of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with interstitial lung disease (ILD) have been studied. However, little work has been done to assess genetic contributions to the development of T2DM complicated with ILD.MethodA pedigree of T2DM complicated with ILD was investigated, and the whole genome re-sequencing was performed to identify the genetic variations in the pedigree. According to the literature, the most valuable genetic contributors to the pathogenesis of T2DM complicated with ILD were screened out, and the related cellular functional experiments were also performed.ResultsA large number of SNPs, InDels, SVs and CNVs were identified in eight subjects including two diabetic patients with ILD, two diabetic patients without ILD, and four healthy subjects from the pedigree. After data analysis according to the literature, MUC5B SNP rs2943512 (A &gt; C) was considered to be an important potentially pathogenic gene mutation associated with the pathogenesis of ILD in T2DM patients. In vitro experiments showed that the expression of MUC5B in BEAS-2B cells was significantly up-regulated by high glucose stimulation, accompanied by the activation of ERK1/2 and the increase of IL-1β and IL-6. When silencing MUC5B by RNA interference, the levels of p-ERK1/2 as well as IL-1β and IL-6 in BEAS-2B cells were all significantly decreased.ConclusionThe identification of these genetic variants in the pedigree enriches our understanding of the potential genetic contributions to T2DM complicated with ILD. MUC5B SNP rs2943512 (A &gt; C) or the up-regulated MUC5B in bronchial epithelial cells may be an important factor in promoting ILD inT2DM patients, laying a foundation for future exploration about the pathogenesis of T2DM complicated with ILD

Detection of hepatitis A virus in shellfish and berries by digital polymerase chain reaction

Objective To establish a digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method for hepatitis A virus (HAV) in shellfish and berry foods. Methods After sample enrichment by proteinase K digestion polyethylene glycol method, RNA was extracted by high purity virus nucleic acid kit, and then digital PCR was used to detect HAV. Results This method had typical amplification, good repeatability and stability for HAV. The sensitivity of HAV in strawberry, raspberry and shellfish samples was 25.30 CCID50/20 g, 6.32 CCID50/20 g and 12.54 CCID50/2 g respectively, which means that the detection sensitivity of HAV was high. Conclusion This method is rapid, accurate, sensitive, and is suitable for the determination of HAV in shellfish and berry foods

Uncovering the potential role of oxidative stress in the development of periodontitis and establishing a stable diagnostic model via combining single-cell and machine learning analysis

BackgroundThe primary pathogenic cause of tooth loss in adults is periodontitis, although few reliable diagnostic methods are available in the early stages. One pathological factor that defines periodontitis pathology has previously been believed to be the equilibrium between inflammatory defense mechanisms and oxidative stress. Therefore, it is necessary to construct a model of oxidative stress-related periodontitis diagnostic markers through machine learning and bioinformatic analysis.MethodsWe used LASSO, SVM-RFE, and Random Forest techniques to screen for periodontitis-related oxidative stress variables and construct a diagnostic model by logistic regression, followed by a biological approach to build a Protein-Protein interaction network (PPI) based on modelled genes while using modelled genes. Unsupervised clustering analysis was performed to screen for oxidative stress subtypes of periodontitis. we used WGCNA to explore the pathways correlated with oxidative stress in periodontitis patients. Networks. Finally, we used single-cell data to screen the cellular subpopulations with the highest correlation by scoring oxidative stress genes and performed a proposed temporal analysis of the subpopulations.ResultsWe discovered 3 periodontitis-associated genes (CASP3, IL-1β, and TXN). A characteristic line graph based on these genes can be helpful for patients. The primary hub gene screened by the PPI was constructed, where immune-related and cellular metabolism-related pathways were significantly enriched. Consistent clustering analysis found two oxidative stress categories, with the C2 subtype showing higher immune cell infiltration and immune function ratings. Therefore, we hypothesized that the high expression of oxidative stress genes was correlated with the formation of the immune environment in patients with periodontitis. Using the WGCNA approach, we examined the co-expressed gene modules related to the various subtypes of oxidative stress. Finally, we selected monocytes for mimetic time series analysis and analyzed the expression changes of oxidative stress genes with the mimetic time series axis, in which the expression of JUN, TXN, and IL-1β differed with the change of cell status.ConclusionThis study identifies a diagnostic model of 3-OSRGs from which patients can benefit and explores the importance of oxidative stress genes in building an immune environment in patients with periodontitis

Machine learning to construct sphingolipid metabolism genes signature to characterize the immune landscape and prognosis of patients with uveal melanoma

BackgroundUveal melanoma (UVM) is the most common primary intraocular malignancy in adults and is highly metastatic, resulting in a poor patient prognosis. Sphingolipid metabolism plays an important role in tumor development, diagnosis, and prognosis. This study aimed to establish a reliable signature based on sphingolipid metabolism genes (SMGs), thus providing a new perspective for assessing immunotherapy response and prognosis in patients with UVM.MethodsIn this study, SMGs were used to classify UVM from the TCGA-UVM and GEO cohorts. Genes significantly associated with prognosis in UVM patients were screened using univariate cox regression analysis. The most significantly characterized genes were obtained by machine learning, and 4-SMGs prognosis signature was constructed by stepwise multifactorial cox. External validation was performed in the GSE84976 cohort. The level of immune infiltration of 4-SMGs in high- and low-risk patients was analyzed by platforms such as CIBERSORT. The prediction of 4-SMGs on immunotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) response in UVM patients was assessed by ImmuCellAI and TIP portals.Results4-SMGs were considered to be strongly associated with the prognosis of UVM and were good predictors of UVM prognosis. Multivariate analysis found that the model was an independent predictor of UVM, with patients in the low-risk group having higher overall survival than those in the high-risk group. The nomogram constructed from clinical characteristics and risk scores had good prognostic power. The high-risk group showed better results when receiving immunotherapy.Conclusions4-SMGs signature and nomogram showed excellent predictive performance and provided a new perspective for assessing pre-immune efficacy, which will facilitate future precision immuno-oncology studies

Vortex Generation and Auroral Response to a Solar Wind Dynamic Pressure Increase: Event Analyses

In this study, we investigate ionospheric responses, including currents and aurorae, to solar wind dynamic pressure (SW Pdyn) sudden increases, which are critical for understanding solar wind‐magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling. We focus on two similar SW Pdyn pulse events that occurred on 24 January 2012 and 12 November 2010. In both cases, equivalent ionospheric currents (EIC) vortices were generated within about ten minutes after the pressure pulse arrival, with a counter‐clockwise rotating vortex (viewed from above) observed on the dusk side in the former case, and a clockwise vortex observed on the dawn side in the latter. Simultaneous ground‐based All‐Sky Imager (ASI) observations in the vicinity of the observed EIC vortex in each case showed that aurorae intensified on the dusk side, and diminished on the dawn side. These observations provide direct evidence of the scenario proposed byShi et al. (2014) that magnetospheric flow vortices generated by a solar wind pressure pulse carry field‐aligned currents into the ionosphere and thereby modulate auroral activity. The dawn/dusk asymmetry in the auroral intensification is a direct result of the opposite sense of vortex rotation on the dawn and dusk sides, which generate oppositely directed field‐aligned currents into/out of the ionosphere

Формирование эмоциональной культуры как компонента инновационной культуры студентов

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1 and Darwin was one of the first to recognise that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity, ROH), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3,4. Here we use ROH to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity (SROH) and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in 1 second (FEV1), general cognitive ability (g) and educational attainment (nominal p<1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10, 1.8 × 10−10). In each case increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing convincing evidence for the first time that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5,6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been

An Efficient Seam Elimination Method for UAV Images Based on Wallis Dodging and Gaussian Distance Weight Enhancement

The rapid development of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) remote sensing conforms to the increasing demand for the low-altitude very high resolution (VHR) image data. However, high processing speed of massive UAV data has become an indispensable prerequisite for its applications in various industry sectors. In this paper, we developed an effective and efficient seam elimination approach for UAV images based on Wallis dodging and Gaussian distance weight enhancement (WD-GDWE). The method encompasses two major steps: first, Wallis dodging was introduced to adjust the difference of brightness between the two matched images, and the parameters in the algorithm were derived in this study. Second, a Gaussian distance weight distribution method was proposed to fuse the two matched images in the overlap region based on the theory of the First Law of Geography, which can share the partial dislocation in the seam to the whole overlap region with an effect of smooth transition. This method was validated at a study site located in Hanwang (Sichuan, China) which was a seriously damaged area in the 12 May 2008 enchuan Earthquake. Then, a performance comparison between WD-GDWE and the other five classical seam elimination algorithms in the aspect of efficiency and effectiveness was conducted. Results showed that WD-GDWE is not only efficient, but also has a satisfactory effectiveness. This method is promising in advancing the applications in UAV industry especially in emergency situations

Original Article Pathological changes of cochlear in deaf mice at different time after mouse cytomegalovirus infection

Abstract: Objective: This study aims to observe the pathological changes of inner ear in deaf mice at different time after mouse cytomegalovirus infection. Methods: A total of 60 BALB/C mice were divided into 2 groups randomly: model group (A) and control group (B). In model group, 10 μl of MCMV was injected into the brain of each mouse while 10 μl of physiological saline was injected in control group. 10 cochlear samples were taken from 5 mice selected from each group randomly after infection for 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days respectively. They were detected with PCR and HE staining methods. Auditory brain stem response was determined. The apoptosis of spiral ganglion (SGN) cells was detected by apoptosis assay kit. The levels of Bcl-2 and Bax were detected by RT-PCR and western blotting methods. Results: In group A, PCR results were negative after infection for 1 day, they were positive after infection for 3 days to 21 days. In group B, PCR results were negative in the experimental period. Compared with group B, ABR I wave latency and threshold increased while ABR I wave decreased in group A. There were no obvious hyperemia and inflammatory cells infiltration in group B, In group A, hemorrhage of scala tympani and scala vestibule appeared and reached highest peak after infection for 3 days accompanied by inflammatory cell infiltration; the vestibular membrane thickened after infection for 5 days; cell gap of SGN cells widened, arranged more sparsely with cell edema after infection for 7 days accompanied by infiltration of plasma cells; fibroblast proliferation and fibrosis appeared after infection for 14 days. Conclusions: MCMV infection occurred in cochlear after MCMV infection for 3 days and could sustain, the continues pathological changes of inner will bring difficulties to the treatment of CMV deafness, further studies on the specific mechanism of SGN changes caused by CMV infection will provide an important target for the treatment of CMV deafness